As a general rule contaminated packaging material should NOT be burned or buried. See statement 6210

All PPP containers and their packaging must be disposed in a safe and legal way. Check the PPP label requirements and note that the legal requirements differ for different member states. Be aware also that there may be a time delay between labelling of the PPP container and its use during which, disposal requirements may have changed.

Check local regulation and label for PPP specific requirements. Always use equipment - within the scope of label recommendations - that is capable of minimizing spray drift. Check the weather conditions before checmical application. Adjust spray quality to temperature and wind conditions (coarser spray quality for higher wind velocities and temperaturs). Avoid spraying when turbulent uplifting air movement will occur such as on hot wind still summer afternoons. If possible delay spraying to the cooler evenings.

Always use expert advice on PPP behaviour if an application is required beyond these specified ranges. Adapt spray parameters if needed such as lowering the boom height, spray pressure and driving speed and for orchard sprayers reduce air support. See also statement 4330.

Spraying PPPs when the sprayer is stationary - for example, when priming hoses and booms - will exceed approved doses and increase risk of (ground)water contamination.

(1) Use recirculation systems for priming or

(2) prime in the field of application while driving, accept that there will be some underdosed area at "start up", and use that for spraying internal cleaning liquid at end of operation, respecting maximum allowed dose.

Respect buffer zones or non spray areas around wells if established. Check for local regulation or BMPs. Prefer medium to coarse spray quality and take into account wind speed and direction. Avoid any situation with a loaded sprayer standing stationary next to a sensitive water zone over a prolonged period. Check for label specific requirements. Apply safety distances such that PPP deposits do not become a contaminant of (drinking) water.

Apply in specific statements 3350, 4220, 4250.

Check that wells and boreholes are capped and their structural condition is safe.

Adjust sprayer swath. Close nozzles and/or sections on the boom according to situation. Only specific PPP applications are exempt from this general rule such as registered use against aquatic weeds & algae and authorized wet land rice applications. Respect also buffer zones if needed.

Stop spraying and rectify problem if the equipment presents any hazard such as leaking hoses or blocked/dripping nozzles. Repair and rectify any fault taking care to wear the appropriate protective clothing and containing all spills. Follow machinery manufacturers guidance. Respect buffer zones and all environmentally sensitive areas. If unsure then consider advice in statement 3350 can be used as guidance for repairs en route but should not cause delay in repair. See also statement 3230 to prevent problems occuring.

Sprayers containing diluted PPPs must not leak, slop or - in any way - cause losses or pose hazards en route to treatment zone. Tank lid must allow air in but not permit the leakage of any liquid.Make sure hoses and nozzles are not leaking and the tank is not overfilled. Close all valves for accidental opening during transport. Make sure spray tank liquid indicator is clearly visible from operators seat to detect emergency situations. Ensure all tank closures, couplings and valves controlling liquid flow are secured shut during transport. (see statement 4220). Avoid travelling on roads with the sprayer pump running while en route from filling station to field of application. PPPs requiring constant agitation should preferrably be loaded at the site of application or should be added at a suitable site close to the intended treatment area. In case this is not possible keep pressure as low as required for agitation.

Sprayers containing undiluted or diluted PPPs must not leak, slop or - in any way - cause losses or pose hazards en route to treatment zone. Tank lid must allow air in but not permit the leakage of any liquid. Check coupling pins and other fastening devices for security before moving. Check tank fastenings to avoid vibration damage en route. Know emergency procedures. Ensure tank, hopper lids and pipe work are secure and do not leak or drip. Correctly ballast the tractor and balance load in case of mounted sprayers and avoid uneven roads if possible.

Secure enclosed PPP cabinets or containers that are mounted on the outside of the vehicle or on a trailer that may be used. Such mobile stores must only be stocked from fixed stores and used within 24 hours. Other regulations may be enforced for PPPs labelled "Toxic", "Flammable" or "Corrosive".

-Separate damaged from undamaged packs

- Wear protective clothing defined on label and/or Safety Data sheets.

- Place leaking containers into sealable container, bund and then absorb spill. 

- Sweep up contaminant and place with leaking container.

See also statement 2630 concerning "spill management".

See also statement 2630 concerning "spill management". 

 See also statement 1300.

OTHER CASES: Solid fraction should be treated as hazardous waste. Please look for expert advice in your region to meet specifications of hazardous waste that can be incinerated with energy recuperation. If not it should be disposed off at an official waste site.

Solid disposables can be generated as a result of processing diluted liquids containing PPP or as a result of cleaning ip spills by solid adsorbents.

Processing diluted PPP containing liquids by means of separation technology eg physico-chemical processes (results in a reduced volume but increased concentration of chemicals in a solid residual fraction), filtering processes, incomplete mineralisation.

Containment of spills is explained in statement 2630

- Biodegradable fractions (such as sawdust for cleaning up spills or organic left over from bio purification systems) can be contained for further microbioal breakdown of the contaminants. Prefer reuse if authorised.

- NON-biodegradable fractions (such as sand) must be collected by authorised waste disposal and recycling contractors.

Liquid diposable fractions are those that could not be avoided in any of the previous main processes and are no longer linked to a specific spray application.

If legally supported, diluted liquid disposable fractions can be re-used directly in various processes under specific conditions. Such as

(1) re-use liquid fraction as carrier liquid for non foliar applications such as drip irrigation/ feed (fertigation- or herbicide spraying under orchard trees.

(2) re-use as carrier water for total herbicide applications in pre-crop-applications

(3) re-use along with spreading of slurry (on own farm land and only according to local spreading legislation).

Conditions: Do not re-use in areas prone to flooding (10 year event), water extraction areas, wells, sloping area towards surface water, erosion sensitive soils. Application should not have any unwanted biological effect for any given crop. If application technology is spraying, respect general spraying practices (BMP before, during and after spraying). The transfer from wash down to storage tank should not generate any risk and the storage tank should be labelled. Plan in advance. Ensure records of quantity and site are kept. Reuse at farmers responsibility.

This holds for both surface and ground water.

PPP solutions of unknown content and concentration such as on farm collected PPP containing liquids originating from the drain of the PPP storage room, can be collected for (1) on farm re-use, (2) treatment or (3) collection by an authorised waste disposal contractor.

Preferentially retain PPP containing liquid disposables in above ground, bunded containers. Tanks should have double walls if put underground. In the case of slurry tanks, where permitted, use only for minor spills ensuring subsequently dilution to a level beyond that of biological effect and in field diluted spray remnants. Liability remains with the farmer.

Burying and dumping can pose a serious short and long term risk. It is not only an illegal disposal practice, it also contributes to unnecessary and unacceptable environmental exposure. Comply with Best Practices on prevention and unwanted stocks.

Sinks and drains have direct or indirect connection with surface water. It is not only an illegal disposal practice, it also contributes to unnecessary and unacceptable environmental exposure. Comply with Best Practices on prevention and unwanted stocks.

PPP distributors/dealers may take back unused products with complete and up-to-date labels. Contact your dealer, the manufacturers representative, or your countrie's Crop Protection Association for advice. Consider whether near by farmers / growers may take these PPPs if they still grow crops for which the product is approved. Alternatively, use authorised PPP disposal contractors, Environment Agencies may require consignment note and payment of fee.  

Make sure that PPP affected by a pending registration withdrawal, are preferentially included in your spray scheme to avoid any left overs after the application deadline.

Minimize all remnants and wastes associated with PPPs and their use. This should be reflected in all other processes:  major ones include:

2520, 3010, 3140,3225, 3345, 3410, 5110, 5115.

Check - at purchase- if new sprayers offer the necessary technical means (References: EN13790, EN12761, ISO4245-6.2) to support safe emergency procedures. For example, when main filters unexpectedly block, it should be possible to shut down suction and other lines coming from/going to the spray tank and clean filter without loss of any spray solution.

Do avoid to make repairs in the field but operate in the farmyard, in a properly equipped area. Drain your sprayer (filter and pomp) before repair and do it on a secured area or take precautionary measures.

Sprayers not being used must be securely located and not present hazards to humans, animals or the environment; Store cleaned sprayers securely under cover, protected from frost damage and away from children, human and animal food; if in open air; on hardened bunded surface or secured area. On the filling area, rain water should be separated from contaminated rinsing water.

Storage of a sprayer on a filling area that collects all the rain will cause access water, which needs to be treated, (by PPP collection or treatment system).

If in-field decontamination is not possible, decontaminate at a site that ensures all rinse water is directed to a remnant collection and/or treatment system. Further handling of these remnants are explained in process 6000 - Remnant Management.

Use of "spray surplus" or "spray left over" is specified in statement 5115. Use of spray liquid remnant generated in a rinsing protocol (statement 5140) in the field of application should be carefully planned not to exceed maximum registered doses.

Use of spray liquid remnant after collection and/or treatment on the farm is specified in statement 6460.

CHECK PPP label for product specific instructions.

Keep away from all sensitive zones for water. Never drain for surplus of left over spray solutions. Never drain on hard surfaces unless bunded.

In the field:

(1) If dilutable residual spray is effectively rinsed under approved rinse protocols, draining tank bottom of final rinse solution while driving might in some areas be supported.

(2) Draining the last rinsate in the tank bottom while sprayer is stationary, is only allowed if tank concentration is diluted at least 1/100 and at 50 m distance from water. Rinse protocol followed should indicate that this can be achieved in a practical way.

Keep away from all sensitive zones for water. Never drain for surplus of left over spray solutions. Never drain on hard surfaces unless bunded.

In the field:

(1) If dilutable residual spray is effectively rinsed under approved rinse protocols, draining tank bottom of final rinse solution while driving might in some areas be supported.

(2) Draining the last rinsate in the tank bottom while sprayer is stationary, is only allowed if tank concentration is diluted at least 1/100 and at 50 m distance from water. Rinse protocol followed should indicate that this can be achieved in a practical way.

Repeated rinsing with low volumes of water is a more effective rinse technique than one single high volume rinse; Use at least triple rinse method. 

An example of such an effective rinse protocol:

1- Do spray to the pump unprime

2- Do dilute the residual spray solution with at least 5x the volume of this residue, with clear water

3- Make this diluted residue circulate in all the system (incorporation, timing system, tank back, pump back, mixing system) in order to dilute all the dead volumes

4- Do spray in the field the diluted solution to pump unprime (avoiding to surpass allowed dosage)

5- Repeat the operation: two or more times as required

6- Clean the filters

7- Drain the final diluted tank bottom RESPECTING REGULATION or reuse it for the next spraying operations

Cleaning area should be planned in advance. 

In field spraying of diluted rinse fractions should follow "during spraying" BMP recommendations, with special reference to statement 4250.

External and stationary cleaning should follow specifications given in statement 3350. 

Spraying the diluted fractions while stationary is not adviced on a bunded place. If done, coarsest nozzles, preferentially liquid fertilizer nozzles should be used.

Excessive cleaning and poor cleaning protocols might result in high amounts of remnant water (see statements 5110; 5125).

For internal cleaning: limitation should be done by selecting a sprayer with minimal non-sprayable solution (statement 3140) NOT by adopting poor rinsing procedures.

For external cleaning: Prefer coarse nozzles during sprayer. A pressure gun generally gives a better result than brushes. Avoid removing grease from hinch points or nipples during hosing down.

For internal & external cleaning: Use approved and/or recommended biodegradable cleaning agents to facilitiate cleaning.

Excess internal cleaning of the sprayer may cause excessive waste water volumes; lack of cleaning might cause equipment failure, nozzle blocking, other malfunctioning and localised residual problems. Organize your overall farm spray scheme to keep sprayer cleaning to a minimum to minimize the volume of PPP contaminated water. Follow manufacturers and PPP label for instructions on how to clean. See also statement 5140; 5115. Always clean the sprayer at the end of the last sprayer at the end of the last spray operation if long periods of inactivity are planned/expected. 

(A) Where possible, use any left over spray tank solution up within the just treated area  - using a zone that has not been sprayed, or is under-dosed respecting during spraying statements and specs. Plan such a zone in advance. Do not use the same area as that used previously. In case of changed spray parameters, avoid high volume rates to avoid wash off, of the previously sprayed PPPs.

(B) For considerabls left overs beyond over spraying capacity, reuse, remnant solution preferably within 24 hours. Follow manufacturers instructions and label guidance: 

-1: leave excess spray liquid in the sprayer tank after the spray treatment has been finished, if PPP left over night in spray tank does not pose a risk on clogging of nozzles and filters or other spray operation problems.

-2: store left overs in secured dedicated containers per crop on the farm. Cleaning activities must not cause PPPs to be applied - or lost to - areas for which they are not approved or at localized dose rates that exceed the permitted maximum.

Not removing external deposits quickly and effectively may result in high localised contamination in their stored vicinity, may damage/weaken the equipment and could be a hazard to humans. Most important parts are the sprayer boom, the construction parts around the nozzles, the fan & air guidance structures (if applicable) and the wheels. External deposits on the sprayer and the tractor will accumulate with time, by use of finer sprays and also with raised boom heights and stickier ground conditions. It is good practice to remove these deposits in the last field of use at the end of the working day and before travelling on any public roads by cleaning with a spray lance and clean water. 

The frequency of external sprayer cleaning depends on the external contamination generated. This depends on:

- The spray frequency and spray peak periods

- the crops

- the PPP used

- storage facility of the sprayer (open air, bunded, under cover)

- spray quality of the nozzles used

- sprayer type (with or without air assistance)

generally:

- according to label specifications if mentioned

- at the end of each spray peak

- at the end of the spraying day when a long period of non-use is anticipated

- according to user needs

(1) Cleaning area in the field: If the sprayer is equipped with "in-field" cleaning device, clean in the field of use. Plan suitable cleaning sites in advance following similar scheme as in statement 3350. Do not repeat the cleaning activity always on the same location. Special attention to catching any spillages should be taken when cleaning on highly permeable surfaces or sites near watercourses or where surface water will directly drain to watercourses, storm or sewer drains. Follow manufacturers instructions, label guidance and that of any cleaning products used. Use personal protective equipment if manual cleaning tools like pressure gun is used.

(2) Cleaning area on the farm: ensure hard surfaces are bunded and impermeable; collect PPP containing waste water for immediate use in spray operation or for further treatment; avoid leaving spills on the hard surface after cleaning.

Purposely made, regulatory approved drive-over systems with a biologically active matrix can also be used for washing. Keep unauthorised persons such as children out of the area.

Do not produce run off of pesticides from target areas which can be caused by use of too coarse droplets, over spraying or too high volume rates, too little distance between nozzle and target area. 

Use of PPPs may not be permitted in - or adjacent to - areas that are sensitive for either environmental, public safety or water purity reasons. "Sensitive" zones may therefore be adjacent to protected flora and fauna, wells and springs. Authorities have identified and defined, when and how PPPs may be used when and how PPPs may be used when considering the need to protect such areas and people. PPP labels and expert advice must be followed. Buffer zones or water courses must never be intentionally, accidently or otherwise over sprayed. If in any doubt then leave minimum of unsprayed areas of 2 m for boom sprayers and 5 m widths for air assisted bush & tree crop sprayers from all surface water, srpings, wells, boreholes, herb plantations, and other sensitive areas.

Only use approved PPP mixes. Check label or use expert advice/ recommendation and check compatibilities of any adjuvent or additive used. The use of non approved mixes can be illegal and could cause PPPs to react (chemically and /or physically) such that they cannot be applied safely. In addition, there is a increased risk of having to contain, manage and dispose of hazardous waste that is likely to be trapped within equipment due to sediments or blockages.

Follow label instructions for loading. Typically, PPPs must never be loaded into an empty pack spray tank. Do load when the main tank is at least half filled such that all undiluted PPP can be distributed effectively and safely to form a uniform mixture. Follow label advice on agitation levels, sequences to add mixtures and whether this solution has lower and upper time limits for use. Labels may advise specifically on the loading of WDG, powders and water soluble sachets. Avoid sedimentation of PPP in spray tank. See also statement 3325 on foaming and overfilling.

Emptied - small volume returnable - containers must be cleaned with clean water such that their condition complies with disposal requirements / schemes.

(1) Use integrated pressure washers (at least 20 l of water) (see statement 3370 of required specs if combined with induction hopper). Manufacturers should guarantee <0,1% of its rated content is retainted within conditions of use for new systems or

(2) triple rinse each container with a manual wash and return all rinsing to the sprayer for immediate use. Visually check that container is clean at end of operation.

Check label whether certain hazard categories require specific rinsing procedures. Foil (secondary) seals - and caps if contacted with PPPs - must be rinsed. Seals to be placed within cleaned containers, caps replaced securely and the package returned upright into - where relevant - its outer box. Check the "Remnant disposal management" section for further disposal details. Emptied containers - with all associated packaging - must be returned to secure (mobile or fixed) store or directly to dedicated compound for subsequent collection and authorised disposal. Single trip packages should be made unsuitable for re-use.

Operate always upwindwhen dealing with powders and avoiding loadin of powders in windy conditions.

Put partly used containers upright with closures sealed within their outer packages and in a stable position to avoid splashes and spills.

If small amounts are needed then measuring equipment which is dedicated for this use must be used and immediately rinsed over the induction bowl or if no induction bowl, then rinse over the tank filling mesh/filter. Mark PPP implments.

Use a dedicated knife to open bags and boxes carefully and avoid any uncontrolled relase of PPPs;use special cap and seal openers. Use foil cutters to remove secondary seals. See also statement 3400 which covers seal disposal.

Use low level induction bowls that avoid the need for operators to reach or climb onto the equipment. If container weight demands the use of lifting machines then these requirements may be described on the PPP label.

Manufacturers should provide practical use instructions and protocols to the farmer (in line with ISO/CD21278 - 1&2 in preparation by ISO/TC23/SC6).

The farmer should verify the performance visually during the mixing and loading process.

Load PPPs into the application equipment from a safe and stable operating position. Ensure operators do not have to climb or stretch to transport PPP containers from the (fixed or mobile) store to the application equipment. PPP loading systems must be within arm reach and at waist height such that the operator can discharge these PPPs safely - without leaks and splashes - from ground level. Raised working platforms must be equally safe for operators & without risk to the environment. USE non sloppy, non retaining  steps and platform. USE drip trays and/or bunded areas where resultant liquid is retained for subsequent safe disposal/degradation.

Use dedicated foil cutters to remove secondary seals. For further details on seal rinsing and disposal see also statement 3400. Use appropriate sized containers to reduce the need to measure quantities and prefer those with wide openings that avoid "glugs" (45 to 63 mm).

Loading area on the farm:  Ensure hard surfaces are bunded and impermeable. Collect waste water containing PPP for immediate use in spray operaion or for further treatment and disposal. Never leave spills on the hard surface after mixing and loading. Purposely made, regulatory approved drive-over systems with a biologically active matrix can also be used for loading PPPs. Keep unauthorised persons such as children out of the area.

Loading area in the field:  Use drip trays to catch spills. Special attention to catching any spillages must be taken when loading on highly permeable surfaces or sites near watercourses or surfaces that could drain to watercourses, storm or sewer drains.

Supplying sprayers with water from wells or tap water must only be done using methods that will not contaminate such sources with PPPs.

Assure back-siphoning is not possible.

Never use the sprayers pump for filling.

Use techniques that prevent PPP being drawn back such as : 

- an intermediate water supply such as a bowser/nurse tank/ mobile tank

- ensure an air gap between the filling hose and the solution being prepared.

Or other methods that will not contaminate such sources with PPP's.

Supplying sprayers with water from wells or tap water must only be done using methods that will not contaminate such sources with PPPs.

Use techniques that disconnect water supply from the spray solution being prepared: 

- an intermediate water supply such as a bowser/nurse tank/mobile tank

- ensure an air gap between the filling hose and the solution being prepared.

Supplying sprayers with water from wells or tap water must only be done using methods that will not contaminate such sources with PPPs.

Use techniques that disconnect water supply from the spray solution being prepared: 

- an intermediate water supply such as a bowser/nurse tank/mobile tank

- ensure an air gap between the filling hose and the solution being prepared.

See statement 3350 for specs.

Or where precipitation may carry spills to such area

(1) check label for any PPP specific or general legal distance requirements 

(2) check local legislation on site specific risk perimeters such as for drink water extraction points

(3) make a site specific local Risk Assessment including evaluation of well condition (see statement 3050), mixing & loading facilities & geological /pedological and geographical situation. Seek expert advice if needed. Document evaluation and act accordingly.

(4) as a rule of thumb:

if bunded: minimum 4 m away from sensitive zones for water TOPPS category "low" and 10 m TOPPS category "medium". 20 m from sensitive zones for water TOPPS category "high";  (check local regulations)

if unbunded: minimum 20 m away from surface water, wells, drains and springs whilst working over biologically active soil. Not on very permeable soil or where there are shallow aquifers. Do not fill the sprayer on soils sensitive to erosion and /or  slopes facing sensitive areas. 

In the field: same conditions as for "unbunded"

Avoid these places for repairs en routs (statement 4220)

Prepare just enough enough spray solution for the treatment area. Consider leaving untreated or under dosed areas just within the outer perimeter of the application zone, for sprayer cleaning purposes. See also statements 3225, 3340.

The less teime between preparation and actual application, the less risk of changing circumstances preventing or hindering the application such as sudden rainfalls.

See also statement 3335. 

Avoid preparing spray solution if there is a risk due to nightfall.

"Prior to use" can be:

(A) on the farm: based on operator safety; poorly equipped sprayers for mixing & loading in the field: questionable transport conditions in some areas

(B) in the field: based on erratic weather conditions: long transport distances from farm to field: properly equipped sprayer (see statements 3360, 3365 & 3370)

PPPs must be taken - as required - from the store (fixed or mobile) for immediate use only. Unsecured PPPs must not be left unattended either in their containers, the application equipment or prepared for use, if their immediate filling is not possible.

Sprayers being fillied or containing undiluted / diluted PPP's must never be left unattended. Secure the work area and make the equipment safe from animals and unauthorised human access. Pay special attention to unauthorised access to the tank content and operating valves. In emergency cases, position the sprayer in a bunded area.

Have an easily readable and precise tank scale and monitor it during filling. 

Maximum volumes of spray liquid in the spray tank must not exceed limits defined by the equipment manufacturer. 

Maximum volumes (typically 110% of the rated capacity (EN 12761)) are critical to be respected to avoid any slops and foam overflow.

D not use tanks or other containers such as rinsing tanks that are not intended for that purpose to transport PPP's or their solutions. Always supervise tank contents when filling and consider use of tank fill alarms and/or monitors. Give special consideration not to overfill knapsack sprayers.

Have an easily readable and precise tank scale and monitor it during filling. 

Maximum volumes of spray liquid in the spray tank must not exceed limits defined by the equipment manufacturer. 

Maximum volumes (typically 110% of the rated capacity (EN 12761)) are critical to be respected to avoid any slops and foam overflow.

D not use tanks or other containers such as rinsing tanks that are not intended for that purpose to transport PPP's or their solutions. Always supervise tank contents when filling and consider use of tank fill alarms and/or monitors. Give special consideration not to overfill knapsack sprayers.

DO NOT leave sprayers unattended when they are being filled.

Both for PR and remaining risk, verification & calibration activities while nozzles in operation is preferably executed away from sensitive areas for water, unless in cateogory "low".

In general: Make sure proper cleaning protocols are applied prior to calibration activities, especially for nozzles. (see " after spraying" BMP statements, especially 5110, 5115, 5130 & 6140). Apply statement 3220.

Prefer calibration of the sprayer over biological active ground such as grass covered or on bunded filling & cleaning place. Final verification using tank mixture, should be done in the field of application while driving (see statement 4250).

Boom sprayers: To avoid drift whilst calibrating, keep the boom at its lowest working position (generally 50 cm above ground or canopy level), when testing the sprayer and consider use of nozzles producing coarser sprays before any final adjustments.

Orchard sprayers: Test hydraulic functions of the sprayer using the coarsest spray quality and without any air assistance.

Inspection - in the TOPPS context - is executed by a third party that may be, voluntary or mandatory; official or non official, but is properly recorded and documented. Inspection of sprayers is usually executed in line with EN 13790.

Make a full examination of sprayer and then check with clean water - prior to loading with PPP - when ever it has not been used for 4 months or longer. Check for signs of deteriorating pipes, joints, and pressurised parts. Replace questionable parts at once. 

Make a full examination of sprayer and then check with clean water - prior to loading with PPP - when ever it has not been used for 4 months or longer. Check for signs of deteriorating pipes, joints, and pressurised parts. Replace questionable parts at once. 

No more than the maximum quantity of product required must be prepared. After selecting the spray water volume needed  (3215), the pre-calibration with water (3220) and the overall equipment verification & calibration (3210) it is key to know in advance exactly what to prepare in the mixing and loading process for the area to be treated. This includes amount of carrier liquid and total amount of PPP to be used in the tank mix.

Verification & calibration of spray equipment is essential in preventing spray left over in the tank. Sprayers must be pre-calibrated with water. Use water without debris and other particles that could block nozzles and filters or could cause other malfunctions of your equipment. This water quality does not need to meet drinking water requirements but should not pose an operator exposure or environmental risk. Be aware that some spray solutions such as very viscous solutions might require slightly different operating settings compared to water.

Water volume is generally ruled by crop, application target, PPP, GAP and climate specific conditions to balance efficacy and environmental impact.

In the higher volume range: optimize PPP retention on target surfaces by avoiding spray liquid runoff. Minimize the volume of fine drops (lower than 100μ) produced to minimize the risk of outside contamination. Consult nozzle manufacturers / suppliers or their manuals if nozzles used are within the spray quality VF or "very fine".

Do not exceed PPP concentrations beyond the label recommendations or in general by a factor of 10x,that is approved for normal use. Take into account the effect of increased spray concentration in your rinsing procedures. Always use expert advice if an application is required beyond these specified ranges. See also statement 3225.

Verification & calibration of spray equipment is essential in preventing spray surplus or spray left over in the tank. It is also essential to achieve a good efficacy result. Equipment applying PPPs must be verified & calibrated (and adjusted if necessary ) to apply the dose, water volume and drop size (spray quality) that is prescribed by the label, supporting literature and/or professional advice.

Fulfil calibration procedures to define working parameters (nozzle types, pressure, driving speed) according to the desired spray volume and PPP dose. Calibration frequency is dependent on factors on previous calibration (such as changing tyres, spray computer, nozzles, pressure gauge, maintenance, spray intensity among others). Verification should be done prior to each use to ensure proper functioning.

General: Limit spray swath to target area, select off centre nozzles at edge of swath if necessary, in case of sprayers with air support, adjust air volume and speed to canopy. Spraying or field conditions may require these settings to be modified before use - for example, to reduce drift - or during use - for example, swath width changes to meet buffer zone needs. 

For new sprayers: 

THe spray rinse tank size should be capable of diluting any residual volume to a concentration equal to or below 1% of the applied field concentration, typically, toe reach this dilution level, it requires at least 10 times the volume of the residual solution, which can be diluted. 

The manufacturer should supply the farmer with data on volumes of the non-sprayable solution and the means of achieving the greatest dilution rate with that sprayer. These practical rinsing protocols should be made available to the farmer.

TOPPS recommends as a general rule three rinsing steps.

For sprayers in use without a rinsing tank, reference is made to Statement 5140 and the remnant disposal section.

* Except the sensors at the end of the boom. 

External disturbances or obstacles in spray patterns causing dripping or external contamination of the sprayer must be corrected before spraying.

Anti drip devices should stop liquid flow completely within 8 seconds after valves are switched off. Drips from individual nozzles shall not accumulate to more than 2 ml during 5 min (EN12761). This specification is used over EN 13790 (5 s after collapse of spray jet) to have a clear start & end point.

New sprayers - and all branded equipment used to apply PPP's  - must conform and be maintained - to CE requirements. Application of relevant EN standards gives "presumption of conformity"; check availability of CE mark and signed declaration of conformity at purchase. Most relevant EN standards are EN 907; EN-ISO 4245-1:2006 and EN 12761.

Second hand sprayers in use should conform with - whenever possible - the specifications of the above references and meet the minimal requirements of recognised inspection schemes.

Non branded equipement, whether new or self made or modified, used to apply PPPs must be shown capable of compliance equivalent to that met by machinery manufacturers.

DO NOT spray PPP if heavy rain is forecast; especially be aware of those areas prone to "run-off" of PPP's into ground and surface water (due to steepness of ground, depth, and composition of soils, soil cracking and the proximity of sensitive water areas.

Always use label or expert advice for specific guidance on PPP use if an application is dependent on a narrow time window.

See also during spraying, statement 4230.

Only specific PPP applications are exempt from this rule such as registered use against aquatic weeds & algae and authorized wet land rice applications.

See also during spraying, statement 4230.

Only specific PPP applications are exempt from this rule such as registered use against aquatic weeds & algae and authorized wet land rice applications.

Existing and predicted weather and ground conditions must be assessed for risk of PPP losses from the intended treatment zone. Check labels for any exceptions.

Uncapped, abandoned wells must be effectively sealed and capped since they are an easy route for any PPP that is being applied or has been applied in its vicinity to reach ground supplies of water.

The complexity of this statement does not allow to reduce it in a few lines. A technical note is under preparation. If this can/could not be done, see 3350.

1) Follow national regulations.

2) If other options are available, do drill new wells away from areas prone to flooding, natural sump areas and away from mixing & loading of PPP sites.Make sure spacing between borehold and casing, if used, is properly grouted. Cap wells to prevent outer contamination by direct or indirect (such as droplet drift) contamination. Preferably make well casings protrude above gound level (minimal 25 cm above final ground or pump house floor elevation and 50 cm above 100-year flood elevation). The complexity of this statement does not allow to reduce it in a few lines. (Ref.= Adams E, and Hoffmann T, Abandoned wells; Forgotten holes to Groundwater, EB1714, CE Publications)

Plan for the protection of wildlife and the environment. Make a survey of the farm environment and wildlife. Identify sensitive zones for water contamination and for key fauna and flora. Use topographical maps of your area if needed / available to assist you. 

Develop protection measures and describe them in procedures for the operator/user of PPP.

Select and use a nozzle type and size that will meet the demands of the PPP, the pest crop canopy, leaf surface requirements, the prevailing weather conditions, drift risks and any concerns for bystander exposure.

The complexity of this statement does not allow to reduce it in a few lines. See also statement 4310.

It includes both advance preparation and before treating a specific problem. it involves creating management plans for soil, energy, crops and integrated crop management, wildlife and landscape;

preventing or minimizing pest problems and managing the risks among others.

The complexity of this statement does not allow to reduce it in a few lines.

A technical note is under preparation. 

Detailed clear emergency plans SHOULD be kept separately from the store in a secure place such as that used for the store key. Plans must show access routes to PPP stores, emergency telephone numbers (also shown on entrance door) and a list of those PPPs in the store and their quantities. 

Detailed clear emergency plans SHOULD be kept separately from the store in a secure place such as that used for the store key. Plans must show access routes to PPP stores, emergency telephone numbers (also shown on entrance door) and a list of those PPPs in the store and their quantities. 

Spills, splashes, leaks and all other accidental losses of PPPs must be taken into account and appropriate facilities must be in place to stop any loss to ensure safe subsequent disposal. 

Read the PPP label. Never wash any spills of PPP into public or field drainage systems, ditch or other water course. Only use dedicated drains that channel all liquid into a holding tank for authorised disposal using approved 'clean up' methods (see also main process "remnant management").

Container(s) of absorbent inert material such as sand or wood-dust together with a floor brush, dustpan and plastic bags must be clearly located and always available within the store. 

Check safety data sheet and /or label instructions;  use dry sand, cat litter (for inflammable PPP) or sawdust to bund and absorb the spill. Sweep and shovel the contaminated material off hard surfaces and  - together with any debris - place in sealed, labeled container in section of the store used for any obsolete PPP. Spills on soil should be absorbed with saw dust which can be scraped off - together with adjacent soil - and distributed at an appropriate rate in the field for which the PPP ist to be used. Absorbed spills can be paced in a bioremediation system if available. Absorbent, organic contaminated wastes such as used sawdust may also be placed within sealed containers for incineration by specialist hazardous waste contractors. (See also main process "remnant management").

Floors must be impervious to liquids and not have excessive slopes that create instability for containers and persons. The floor of the storage room must not have any hole or hump or dangerous inclines. Floors must be fixed, rigid and not slippery.

Store containers upright with foil seals within and lids closed in a dedicated compound that provides cover and is secure adjacent to or in the store, if legally supported, over a drip collection facility or bunded area:

- Such as dedicated container or plastic bag in the PPP store.

- If properly rinsed, empy packages can be legally disposed with other wast. In this case rinsed packages should also be made unsuitable for reuse before disposal.

Stores must have dedicated appropriate facilities - that are located within a bunded area (such as in a store) - for measuring PPPs.

PPPs must only be stored in volumes to satisfy its intended use within 6 months from delivery with a maximum of 1 year. Stores mst have facilities to contain PPPs being retured to suppliers and to manage spills. ALWAYS avoid long term storage of PPPs, to prevented unwanted stock (see also main process "Remnant Management".

Place leaking and/or damaged packs in a closed sealed box that is securely located within the store in a bunded area away from other materials. 

Store PPPs in their original containers with their intact labels dry under cover within a preferred temperature range of 5 - 40°C and away from direct sunlight. Store should be frost free at any time (>0°C).

Repacked leaking containers must be in a sealable containers labelled with product name and hazard. 

See also statement 1140.

 Cushion such sharp corners by placing robust containers next to it.

New stores more than 1 ton must have a dedicated holding tank that is at least 110% (185% if in water sensitive area, category "high") of stored volue.

(ref. Health & Safety Executive, UK) 

Storage facility should be able to collect at least 10% of stored volume, 100% in sensitive areas.

(ref. German regulation).

Seal should have the same height as damp proofed wall base

Check with local regulation and fire brigade.

As a rule of thumbA: Walls, doors, and construction material, including structure of the roof MUST be fire resistant. Protect load bearing steel members from heat. 

Fire breaks walls SHOULD extend beyond the roof. 1 hour internal and external  fire resistance in remote places or areas posing external risks (e.g. forest fires) but 30 minutes minimum resistance with rapid response of emergency services.

Mark the exterior of the store. Use the general danger warning sign [!] and/or "Skull and Cross bones" if appropriate and put 'No smoking' or 'Smoking and Nakes Flames Forbidden' signs on the exterior door.

Instructions identifying all hazards and emergency responses for all PPP in store must be very visibly located within a reasonable perimeter of the store entrance and at eye height.

Ensure access from outside through any openings such as windows is not possible. Use external secure lock with internal emergency unlocking facility. 

Stores must be secure, never left unattended when open and managed by competent, named person.

PPPs removed from store must always be in sight and/or protected from non-authorised access. These areas must be capable of retaining spills and have collection facilities for emptied containers and packaging.

As a rule of thumb for new stores: For stores > 1 ton of PPP storage:

Stores should be loaceted 50 m or more away;

For stores less than 1 ton PPP storage:

20m from high risk zones for water and;

10m if properly protected by circumferential situation and for medium category;

4 m for low risk category and if closed remnant water collection system including fire extinguishing water collectable; not on slopes facing sensitive areas unless fire water collectable; always use remnant water collection system in drinking water abstraction area.

In general stores must be located away from high risk zones for water and/or be constructed to be protected from such hazards and not pose risks. Always check with local authorities before constructing new storage facilities.

For new stores of more than 1 ton PPP storage:

- 50m from category "high" without special provisions for store;

- 10m from category "high", if compliant with fire specifications of 1 hour fire resistant, or category "medium" ;

If farm store within such area:

- avoid storage of more than 1 ton PPP simultaneously, used bunded store and with fire water collectable.

Where possible, use a bridge or a tunnel. If unavoidable, clean tyres and double check for leaks prior to crossing shallow water courses (fords). 

See also statement 4230 about exemptions such as for wet land rice.

- heaviest goods below

- prevent free movement of containers within the load area

- do not put excessive stress on containers with binders while securing load

- products, remnants and empty unrinsed containers must be stowed with the closures upmost (statement 1320)

- observe special instructions on packing such as "this way up" (statement 1325) 

- heaviest goods below

- prevent free movement of containers within the load area

- do not put excessive stress on containers with binders while securing load

- products, remnants and empty unrinsed containers must be stowed with the closures upmost (statement 1320)

- observe special instructions on packing such as "this way up" (statement 1325) 

- heaviest goods below

- prevent free movement of containers within the load area

- do not put excessive stress on containers with binders while securing load

- products, remnants and empty unrinsed containers must be stowed with the closures upmost (statement 1320)

- observe special instructions on packing such as "this way up" (statement 1325) 

- heaviest goods below

- prevent free movement of containers within the load area

- do not put excessive stress on containers with binders while securing load

- products, remnants and empty unrinsed containers must be stowed with the closures upmost (statement 1320)

- observe special instructions on packing such as "this way up" (statement 1325) 

See also statement 1330.

See also statement 1330: "Always encure cargo balanced, safely stowed and secure before departure" and statement 3400 "DO rinse emptied containers and seals immediately and add this rinsing liquid to spray solution".

See also statement 1360.

Have emergency numbers in transport unit. Most important is the emergency number 112 which will direct the call to the relevant authorities or medical aid.

Type approved (UN) packaging used by most manufacturers. Note: Individual containeres taken from "packs"(split-offs) may not conform; original approved containers and original label instructions. 

Operators, maintenance workers, equipment parts and the environment should not be contaminated when the sprayer is being emptied. Use properly labelled containers to collect all spray liquid and check the "remnant management section" for guidance on its safe use/disposal.

Sprayers  have  a  certain  amount  of  liquid  that cannot  be  sprayed  out  under  normal  working
conditions  due  to  technical  limitations.  This  is called  the  volume  of  total  residual  or  non-sprayable solution,  part of  which  is  dilutable  part of which is non dilutable.

New sprayers:
For field crop sprayers  and orchard sprayers limits of  residual volumes are specified in the European
Norm EN- 12761.

For knapsack sprayers residual  limits are  specified in ISO19932 For sprayers in use:
F a r m e r s  s h o u l d  c o n s u l t  t h e i r  s u p p l i e r  o f
equipment  to  establish  total  residual  volume  (or total non sprayable solution). (See also statement 3160 “USE sprayers with spray rinse tanks”)